1. Okwu mmalite

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) bụ ihe dị mkpa nke II-VI otu semiconductor ihe nwere nhazi bandgap kpọmkwem. N'ebe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ, bandgap ya dị ihe dịka 2.26eV, ọ na-achọta ngwa ngwa na ngwa optoelectronic, sel anyanwụ, ihe nchọpụta radieshon, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Isiokwu a ga-enye nkọwa zuru ezu maka usoro nhazi dị iche iche maka zinc telluride, gụnyere mmeghachi omume siri ike nke steeti, njem ụgbọ mmiri, ụzọ ndị dabeere na ngwọta, molecular beam epitaxy, wdg. A ga-akọwa usoro ọ bụla nke ọma n'usoro nke ụkpụrụ ya, usoro, uru na ọghọm ya, na isi ihe dị mkpa.

2. Usoro mmeghachi omume siri ike-State maka njikọ ZnTe

2.1 Ụkpụrụ

Usoro mmeghachi omume steeti siri ike bụ usoro ọdịnala kachasị maka ịkwadebe zinc telluride, ebe zinc na tellurium dị ọcha na-emeghachi omume ozugbo na oke okpomọkụ iji mepụta ZnTe:

Zn + Te → ZnTe

2.2 Usoro zuru ezu

2.2.1 Nkwadebe ihe eji eme ihe

1. Nhọrọ ihe: Jiri zinc granules dị elu na tellurium lumps na ịdị ọcha ≥99.999% dị ka ihe mmalite.
2. Ngwọta akụrụngwa:
   • Ngwọta Zinc: Buru ụzọ mikpuo na dilute hydrochloric acid (5%) maka nkeji 1 iji wepụ oxides elu, sachaa na mmiri deionized, saa ya na ethanol anhydrous, ma mesịa kpochaa n'ime oven na-ekpo ọkụ na 60 ° C maka awa 2.
   • Ọgwụgwọ Tellurium: Nke mbụ na-emikpu na aqua regia (HNO₃: HCl = 1: 3) maka 30 sekọnd iji wepụ oxides elu, kpochaa ya na mmiri deionized ruo mgbe ịnọpụ iche, saa ya na ethanol anhydrous, n'ikpeazụkwa kpoo na oven na-ekpo ọkụ na 80 ° C maka awa 3.
3. Na-atụ: Tulee akụrụngwa na stoichiometric ratio (Zn: Te=1:1). N'ịtụle mgbanwe nke zinc nwere ike ime na oke okpomọkụ, enwere ike ịgbakwunye 2-3% ngafe.

2.2.2 Ngwakọta ihe

1. Na-egweri na ịgwakọta: Tinye zinc na tellurium a tụrụ atụ n'ime ngwa ngwa agate wee gwerie nkeji 30 n'ime igbe mkpuchi nke argon ruo mgbe agwakọtara ya.
2. Pelletizing: Tinye ntụ ntụ agwakọta n'ime ihe ebu wee pịa n'ime pellets nwere dayameta nke 10-20mm n'okpuru nrụgide 10-15MPa.

2.2.3 Nkwadebe ụgbọ mmiri mmeghachi omume

1. Ọgwụgwọ Quartz Tube: Họrọ tubes quartz dị ọcha (dayameta dị n'ime 20-30mm, ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi 2-3mm), buru ụzọ tinye na aqua regia maka awa 24, kpochaa ya nke ọma na mmiri deionized, wee kpọọ nkụ na oven na 120 Celsius.
2. Mwepu: Tinye pellets akụrụngwa n'ime tube quartz, jikọọ na sistemụ agụụ, wee pụọ na ≤10⁻³ Pa.
3. Akara: mechie tube quartz site na iji ọkụ hydrogen-oxygen, na-ahụ na ogologo akara akara ≥50mm maka ikuku.

2.2.4 Mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị elu

1. Oge ikpo ọkụ mbụ: Debe tube quartz a mechiri emechi n'ime ọkụ tube ma kpoo ọkụ ruo 400 ° C na ọnụego 2-3 ° C / min, na-ejide awa 12 iji kwe ka mmeghachi omume mbụ n'etiti zinc na tellurium.
2. Oge ikpo ọkụ nke abụọ: Gaa n'ihu na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 950-1050 ° C (n'okpuru quartz ebe nro nke 1100 ° C) na 1-2 ° C / min, na-ejide awa 24-48.
3. Ntugharị Tube: N'oge ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu, gbanye ọkụ ahụ na 45 ° kwa awa 2 ma maa jijiji ọtụtụ ugboro iji hụ na agwakọta nke ọma.
4. Ntu oyi: Mgbe emechara mmeghachi omume, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ na 0.5-1 ° C / min iji gbochie mgbawa sample n'ihi nrụgide okpomọkụ.

2.2.5 Nhazi ngwaahịa

1. Mwepụ ngwaahịa: Mepee tube quartz n'ime igbe aka wee wepụ ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume.
2. Na-egweri: Weghachi ngwaahịa ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ iji wepụ ihe ọ bụla emeghị eme.
3. Annealing: Anneal ntụ ntụ na 600 ° C n'okpuru argon ikuku maka awa 8 iji belata nrụgide dị n'ime ma melite crystallinity.
4. Njiri mara: Mee XRD, SEM, EDS, wdg, iji kwado ịdị ọcha nke oge na ngwakọta kemịkal.

2.3 Mmebi nke usoro

1. Njikwa okpomọkụ: Okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume kacha mma bụ 1000± 20°C. Okpomọkụ dị ala nwere ike ịkpata mmeghachi omume ezughị ezu, ebe okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ime ka zinc volatilization.
2. Njikwa oge: Oge njide kwesịrị ịbụ ≥24 awa iji hụ na mmeghachi omume zuru oke.
3. Ọnụọgụgụ jụrụ oyi: Nji nwayọ nwayọ (0.5-1°C/min) na-ewepụta ọka kristal buru ibu.

2.4 Nyocha na uru na ọghọm

Uru:

• Usoro dị mfe, chọrọ akụrụngwa dị ala
• Kwesịrị ekwesị maka mmepụta ogbe
• Ịdị ọcha ngwaahịa dị elu

Ihe ọghọm:

• Okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume dị elu, ike oriri dị elu
• Nkesa nha ọka na-abụghị otu
• Nwere ike ịnwe obere ihe anaghị emezigharị

3. Uzuoku Transport Ụzọ maka ZnTe Synthesis

3.1 Ụkpụrụ

Usoro mbufe uzuoku na-eji gas na-ebu ibu ibufe vapors na mpaghara okpomọkụ dị ala maka ntinye, na-enweta uto ntụzịaka nke ZnTe site na ịchịkwa gradients okpomọkụ. A na-ejikarị Iodine eme ihe dị ka onye na-ebufe njem:

ZnTe(s) + I₂(g) ⇌ ZnI₂(g) + 1/2Te₂(g)

3.2 Usoro zuru ezu

3.2.1 Nkwadebe ihe eji eme ihe

1. Nhọrọ ihe: Jiri ntụ ntụ ZnTe dị elu (ịdị ọcha ≥99.999%) ma ọ bụ stoichiometrically agwakọta Zn na Te powders.
2. Nkwadebe ndị nnọchi anya ụgbọ njem: kristal iodine dị elu dị ọcha (ịdị ọcha ≥99.99%), usoro onunu ogwu nke 5-10mg/cm³ olu tube mmeghachi omume.
3. Ọgwụgwọ Quartz Tube: Otu dị ka usoro mmeghachi omume steeti siri ike, mana a chọrọ tubes quartz ogologo (300-400mm).

3.2.2 Tube na-ebu

1. Nkwanye ihe: Tinye ntụ ntụ ZnTe ma ọ bụ ngwakọta Zn + Te n'otu njedebe nke tube quartz.
2. Mgbakwunye Iodine: Tinye kristal iodine na tube quartz n'ime igbe aka.
3. Mwepu: Wepụ na ≤10⁻³ Pa.
4. Akara: Jiri ọkụ hydrogen-oxygen mechie, na-edebe tube ahụ kwụ ọtọ.

3.2.3 Ntọala gradient okpomọkụ

1. Okpomọkụ Mpaghara Na-ekpo ọkụ: Tọọ na 850-900°C.
2. Okpomọkụ Mpaghara Oyi: Tọọ na 750-800°C.
3. Ogologo Mpaghara gradient: Ihe dịka 100-150mm.

3.2.4 Usoro uto

1. Nkeji mbụ: Kpoo ọkụ ruo 500C na 3°C/min, jide awa 2 iji kwe ka mmeghachi omume mbụ n'etiti ayodiin na akụrụngwa.
2. Nkeji nke abụọ: Gaa n'ihu na-ekpo ọkụ ruo n'okpomọkụ setịpụrụ, nọgide na-enwe gradient okpomọkụ, ma too ruo ụbọchị 7-14.
3. Na-ajụ oyi: Mgbe etolitechara, dị jụụ na ụlọ okpomọkụ na 1 ° C / min.

3.2.5 Ngwaahịa mkpokọta

1. Imeghe tube: Mepee tube quartz n'ime igbe aka.
2. mkpokọta: Anakọta ZnTe otu kristal na njedebe oyi.
3. Nhicha: Ultrasonically dị ọcha site na ethanol anhydrous maka nkeji 5 iji wepụ iodine n'elu-adsorbed.

3.3 Isi njikwa usoro

1. Njikwa Ọnụ ego Iodine: Ịta ahụhụ iodine na-emetụta ọnụego njem; Nke kacha mma bụ 5-8mg/cm³.
2. Okpomọkụ gradient: Jikwaa gradient n'ime 50-100°C.
3. Oge uto: Ọ na-abụkarị ụbọchị 7-14, dabere na nha kristal achọrọ.

3.4 Nyocha na uru na ọghọm

Uru:

• Enwere ike nweta otu kristal dị elu
• Nha kristal buru ibu
• Ịdị ọcha dị elu

Ihe ọghọm:

• Ogologo ogologo okirikiri
• Ngwa akụrụngwa dị elu chọrọ
• Mkpụrụ dị ala

4. Usoro Ngwọta dabeere na ZnTe Nanomaterial Synthesis

4.1 Ụkpụrụ

Ụzọ dabere na ngwọta na-achịkwa mmeghachi omume mbụ na ngwọta iji dozie ZnTe nanoparticles ma ọ bụ nanowires. A na-ahụkarị mmeghachi omume bụ:

Zn²⁺ + HTe⁻ + OH⁻ → ZnTe + H₂O

4.2 Usoro zuru ezu

4.2.1 Nkwadebe Reagent

1. Isi mmalite Zinc: Zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), ịdị ọcha ≥99.99%.
2. Isi mmalite Tellurium: Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂), ịdị ọcha ≥99.99%.
3. Ihe na-ebelata: Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), ịdị ọcha ≥98%.
4. Ihe mgbaze: mmiri deionized, ethylenediamine, ethanol.
5. Ihe na-emepụta ihe: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

4.2.2 Tellurium Precursor Nkwadebe

1. Nkwadebe ngwọta: gbazee 0.1mmol TeO₂ na 20ml mmiri deionized.
2. Mbelata mmeghachi omume: Tinye 0.5mmol NaBH₄, kpalie magnetically maka nkeji 30 iji mepụta ngwọta HTe⁻.
   TeO₂ + 3BH₄⁻ + 3H₂O → HTe⁻ + 3B(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑
3. Ebe nchekwa: Na-eme ka nitrogen na-erugharị n'oge niile iji gbochie oxidation.

4.2.3 ZnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis

1. Nkwadebe Ngwọta Zinc: igbari 0.1mmol zinc acetate na 30ml ethylenediamine.
2. Ngwakọta mmeghachi omume: Jiri nwayọ tinye ngwọta HTe⁻ na ngwọta zinc, meghachi omume na 80 Celsius C maka awa 6.
3. Centrifugation: Mgbe mmeghachi omume gasịrị, centrifuge na 10,000rpm maka nkeji 10 iji nakọta ngwaahịa ahụ.
4. Ịsacha: ọzọ ịsacha na ethanol na mmiri deionized ugboro atọ.
5. Ịkpọ nkụ: kpochaa na 60 Celsius C maka awa 6.

4.2.4 Njikọta ZnTe Nanowire

1. Mgbakwunye template: Tinye 0.2g CTAB na ngwọta zinc.
2. Mmeghachi omume Hydrothermal: Nyefee ngwọta agwakọta na 50ml Teflon-lined autoclave, meghachi omume na 180 Celsius C maka awa 12.
3. Nhazi mgbe emechara: Otu dị ka maka nanoparticles.

4.3 Mmebi nke usoro

1. Njikwa okpomọkụ: 80-90 ° C maka nanoparticles, 180-200 ° C maka nanowires.
2. Uru pH: Jikwaa n'etiti 9-11.
3. Oge mmeghachi omume: awa 4-6 maka nanoparticles, awa 12-24 maka nanowires.

4.4 Nyocha na uru na ọghọm

Uru:

• Mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị ala, nchekwa ike
• Mofoloji a na-achịkwa na nha
• Kwesịrị ekwesị maka mmepụta nnukwu

Ihe ọghọm:

• Ngwaahịa nwere ike ịnwe adịghị ọcha
• Na-achọ nhazi nhazi
• Ala kristal dị ala

5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) maka ZnTe Thin Film Preparation

5.1 Ụkpụrụ

MBE na-eto ZnTe otu-crystal mkpa ihe nkiri site na-eduzi molecular beams nke Zn na Te na a mkpụrụ n'okpuru ultra elu agụụ ọnọdụ, kpomkwem ịchịkwa beam flux ratios na substrate okpomọkụ.

5.2 Usoro zuru ezu

5.2.1 Nkwadebe Sistemu

1. Sistemụ Vacuum: Isi oghere ≤1 × 10⁻ Pa.
2. Nkwadebe isi mmalite:
   • Isi iyi Zinc: 6N zinc dị ọcha na BN crucible.
   • Isi mmalite Tellurium: 6N tellurium dị ọcha dị na PBN crucible.
3. Nkwadebe mkpụrụ osisi:
   • Mkpụrụ GaAs (100) a na-ejikarị.
   • Nhicha mkpụrụ: Organic mgbaze ihicha → acid etching → deionized mmiri rinsing → nitrogen ihicha.

5.2.2 Usoro uto

1. Mpụgasịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịte: Ime na 200°C maka awa 1 iji wepụ ihe ndị na-ekesa n'elu.
2. Mwepụ oxide: Kpoo ọkụ ruo 580C, jide nkeji 10 iji wepụ oxides elu.
3. Uto Layer Buffer: Jụụ ruo 300C, tolite oyi akwa ZnTe 10nm.
4. Isi uto:
   • Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ: 280-320C.
   • Zinc beam kwekọrọ na nrụgide: 1 × 10⁻ Torr.
   • Tellurium beam kwekọrọ na nrụgide: 2 × 10⁻ Torr.
   • Oke V/III na-achịkwa na 1.5-2.0.
   • Ọnụ ọgụgụ ntolite: 0.5-1μm / h.
5. Annealing: Mgbe o too, anneal na 250 ° C maka 30 nkeji.

5.2.3 Nleba anya n'ime ọnọdụ

1. Nyochaa RHEED: Nleba anya n'ezie nke nrụzi elu na ọnọdụ uto.
2. Mass Spectrometry: Nyochaa ngwungwu molikula ike.
3. Thermometry infrared: njikwa ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ziri ezi.

5.3 Isi njikwa usoro

1. Njikwa okpomọkụ: okpomọkụ mkpụrụ na-emetụta ogo kristal na ọdịdị elu.
2. Oke Flux Beam: Oke Te/Zn na-emetụta ụdị ntụpọ na mkpokọta.
3. Ọnụego uto: Ọnụ ego dị ala na-eme ka ogo kristal dị mma.

5.4 Nyocha na uru na ọghọm

Uru:

• Ngwakọta nke ọma yana njikwa doping.
• Ihe nkiri otu kristal dị elu.
• Ebe dị larịị nke atọ nwere ike ime ya.

Ihe ọghọm:

• Ngwá ọrụ dị oke ọnụ.
• Ọnụego uto dị nwayọ.
• Achọrọ nkà ịrụ ọrụ dị elu.

6. Ndị ọzọ Synthesis Ụzọ

6.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

1. Ndị na-ebute ụzọ: Diethylzinc (DEZn) na diisopropyltelluride (DIPTe).
2. Okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume: 400-500C.
3. Carrier Gas: nitrogen ma ọ bụ hydrogen dị ọcha.
4. Nrụgide: ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ obere nrụgide (10-100Torr).

6.2 Thermal evaporation

1. Isi ihe: ZnTe ntụ ntụ dị ọcha.
2. Ọkwa Vacuum: ≤1×10⁻ Pa.
3. Okpomọkụ evaporation: 1000-1100C.
4. Okpomọkụ mkpụrụ: 200-300C.

7. Nkwubi okwu

Ụzọ dị iche iche dị maka ịmepụta zinc telluride, nke ọ bụla nwere uru na ọghọm ya. Mmeghachi omume siri ike nke steeti dabara adaba maka nkwadebe nnukwu ihe, ụgbọ njem vepo na-ewepụta otu kristal dị elu, ụzọ ngwọta dị mma maka nanomaterials, a na-ejikwa MBE maka ihe nkiri dị mkpa dị elu. Ngwa bara uru kwesịrị ịhọrọ usoro kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na ihe achọrọ, yana njikwa nlezianya nke usoro usoro iji nweta ihe ZnTe dị elu. Ntuziaka ga-eme n'ọdịnihu gụnyere njikọ dị ala, njikwa morphology, na njikarịcha usoro doping.