1. Okwu mmalite

Antimony, dị ka ihe dị mkpa na-adịghị ferrous metal, na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na ire retardants, alloys, semiconductor na ubi ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ores antimony na ọdịdị na-ejikọtakarị na arsenic, na-ebute ọdịnaya arsenic dị elu na antimony crude nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ na ngwa nke ngwaahịa antimony. Edemede a na-ewebata usoro dị iche iche maka iwepụ arsenic na ọcha antimony crude, gụnyere pyrometallurgical refining, hydrometallurgical refining, na electrolytic refining, na-akọwapụta ụkpụrụ ha, usoro na-asọpụta, ọnọdụ ọrụ, yana uru / ọghọm.

2. Nnụcha Pyrometallurgical maka Mwepụ Arsenic

2.1 Usoro nnụcha alkaline

2.1.1 Ụkpụrụ

Usoro nhazi nke alkaline na-ewepụ arsenic dabere na mmeghachi omume n'etiti ogige arsenic na alkali metal iji mepụta arsenates. Isi mmeghachi omume nha nhata:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Usoro usoro

1. Nkwadebe ihe eji eme ihe: Ghichaa antimony crude n'ime irighiri ihe 5-10mm ma gwakọta ya na ash soda (Na₂CO₃) na oke oke nke 10: 1.
2. Na-agbaze: Kpoo ọkụ n'ime ọkụ reverberatory ruo 850-950C, jide awa 2-3
3. Oxidation: Webata ikuku abịakọrọ (nrụgide 0.2-0.3MPa), ọsọ ọsọ 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Nhazi slag: Tinye nnu kwesịrị ekwesị (NaNO₃) dị ka oxidant, usoro onunu ogwu 3-5% nke ibu antimony.
5. Mwepụ Slag: Mgbe edozichara nkeji iri atọ, wepụ slag elu
6. Tinyegharịa ọrụ: Tinyegharịa usoro dị n'elu ugboro 2-3

2.1.3 Usoro njikwa oke

• Njikwa okpomọkụ: Okpomọkụ kacha mma 900±20°C
• Usoro onunu ogwu: Gbanwee dị ka ọdịnaya arsenic si dị, ọ na-abụkarị 8-12% nke ibu antimony.
• Oge oxidation: 1-1.5 awa kwa okirikiri oxidation

2.1.4 Mwepụ arsenic

Enwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya arsenic site na 2-5% ruo 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Ụzọ Volatilization Oxidative

2.2.1 Ụkpụrụ

Na-eji njirimara na arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa antimony oxide. Dị ka ₂O₃ na-agbanwe na naanị 193°C, ebe Sb₂O₃ chọrọ 656°C.

2.2.2 Usoro usoro

1. Oxidative smelting: Kpoo ọkụ na rotary kiln ruo 600-650C na ntinye ikuku.
2. Ọgwụgwọ flue gas: Kpochie ma gbakee dị ka ₂O₃
3. Mbelata agbaze: Belata ihe fọdụrụ na 1200C na coke
4. Nnụcha: Tinye obere ntụ ntụ soda maka ime ka ọ dị ọcha

2.2.3 Nhazi igodo

• Ntinye oxygen: 21-28%
• Oge obibi: 4-6 awa
• Ọsọ ntụgharị ọkụ: 0.5-1r / min

3. Hydrometallurgical Refining maka Mwepụ Arsenic

3.1 Alkali Sulfide Leaching Method

3.1.1 Ụkpụrụ

Na-eji njirimara na arsenic sulfide nwere solubility dị elu na ngwọta alkali sulfide karịa antimony sulfide. Isi mmeghachi omume:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Enweghị ike ịsacha

3.1.2 Usoro Usoro

1. Sulfidation: Mix crude antimony ntụ ntụ na sọlfọ na 1:0.3 mass ratio, sulfidize na 500°C maka 1 hour.
2. Leaching: Jiri 2mol/L Na₂S ngwọta, mmiri siri ike ruru 5:1, kpalie na 80°C maka awa 2
3. Nzacha: nzacha na nzacha nzacha, ihe fọdụrụ bụ obere arsenic antimony itinye uche
4. Ntughari: Webata H₂S n'ime nzacha ka imeghari Na₂S

3.1.3 Usoro Usoro

• Ntinye uche nke ₂S: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Ngwunye pH: 12-13
• Ịrụ ọrụ nkuzi: As>90%, Sb ọnwụ <5%

3.2 Ụzọ nchụpụ Oxidative

3.2.1 Ụkpụrụ

Na-eji arsenic dị mfe oxidation na ọnọdụ acidic, na-eji oxidants dị ka FeCl₃ ma ọ bụ H₂O₂ maka mgbasa nhọrọ.

3.2.2 Usoro usoro

1. Leaching: na 1.5mol/L HCl ngwọta, tinye 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, mmiri mmiri-ike ruru 8:1
2. Njikwa enwere ike: Jikwaa ikike oxidation na 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Nkewa siri ike-mmiri: Vacuum filtration, zipu filtrate na mgbake arsenic
4. Ịsacha: Jiri hydrochloric acid sachaa ihe fọdụrụ ugboro 3

4. Electrolytic Refining Method

4.1 Ụkpụrụ

Na-eji ihe dị iche na ikike itinye ego n'etiti antimony (+0.212V) na arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Usoro usoro

1. Anode nkwadebe: Nkedo crude antimony n'ime 400×600×20mm anode efere.
2. Ngwakọta electrolyte: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, mgbakwunye (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Ọnọdụ Electrolysis:
   • Njupụta dị ugbu a: 120-150A/m²
   • Igwe ọkụ eletrik: 0.4-0.6V
   • Okpomọkụ: 30-35°C
   • Ebe eletrọd: 100mm
4. Usoro: Wepụ na cell kwa ụbọchị 7-10

4.3 Ngosipụta teknụzụ

• Cathode antimony ịdị ọcha: ≥99.85%
• Ọnụego mkpochapụ arsenic:>95%
• Ọrụ dị ugbu a: 85-90%

5. Teknụzụ Mwepụ Arsenic na-apụta

5.1 Vacuum distillation

N'okpuru oghere 0.1-10Pa, na-eji ọdịiche nrụgide vapor (Dịka: 133Pa na 550 ° C, Sb chọrọ 1000 ° C).

5.2 Plasma Oxidation

Na-eji plasma dị ala (5000-10000K) maka ịhọrọ arsenic oxidation, oge nhazi oge (10-30min), obere ume ike.

6. Usoro ntụle na ntụnye nhọrọ

Ntụnye nhọrọ:

• Nri arsenic dị elu (dịka> 3%): masịrị leaching alkali sulfide
• Arsenic dị ọkara (0.5-3%): Nnụcha alkaline ma ọ bụ electrolysis
• Chọrọ ịdị ọcha dị elu nke arsenic dị ala: akwadoro nnụcha electrolytic

7. Nkwubi okwu

Mwepụ arsenic na antimony crude chọrọ nlebara anya nke ọma nke njirimara akụrụngwa, ihe ngwaahịa chọrọ na akụnụba. Ụzọ pyrometallurgical omenala nwere nnukwu ikike mana nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi dị ịrịba ama; ụzọ hydrometallurgical nwere obere mmetọ mana ogologo usoro; Ụzọ electrolytic na-emepụta ịdị ọcha dị elu ma na-erikwu ume. Ntuziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu gụnyere:

1. Na-emepe ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọta mejupụtara nke ọma
2. Na-ebuli usoro jikọtara ọtụtụ ọkwa
3. Na-emeziwanye ojiji akụrụngwa arsenic
4. Mbelata oriri ike na mmetọ ikuku