Selenium, dị ka ihe dị mkpa semiconductor na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, na-emetụta arụmọrụ ya kpọmkwem site na ịdị ọcha ya. N'oge usoro nhichapụ oghere, ikuku oxygen bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-emetụta ịdị ọcha selenium. Edemede a na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu nke ụzọ na usoro dị iche iche maka ibelata ọdịnaya oxygen n'oge a na-eme ka selenium dị ọcha site na ikpochapụ agụụ.

I. Mbelata Ọdịnaya Oxygen n'ọkwa Ngwọta Ngwa Ngwa

1. Ntucha mbụ nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa

Selenium raw raw na-enwekarị adịghị ọcha dị iche iche, gụnyere oxides. Tupu abanye na sistemu ịgbasa oghere, ekwesịrị iji ụzọ ihicha kemịkalụ were wepụ oxides elu. Ngwọta nhicha a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere:

• Ngwọta hydrochloric acid dilute (5-10% itinye uche): na-agbaze nke ọma oxides dị ka SeO₂
• Ethanol ma ọ bụ acetone: A na-eji wepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ
• Mmiri deionized: Ọtụtụ rinses iji wepụ acid fọdụrụnụ

Mgbe ihichachara, ihicha kwesịrị ịrụ n'okpuru ikuku inert (dịka, Ar ma ọ bụ N₂) ikuku iji gbochie re-oxidation.

2. Tupu Mbelata Ọgwụgwọ nke Raw Materials

Mbelata ọgwụgwọ nke akụrụngwa tupu ikuku distillation nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya oxygen nke ukwuu:

• Mbelata hydrogen: Webata hydrogen dị ọcha (ịdị ọcha ≥99.999%) na 200-300 Celsius iji belata SeO₂ na elemental selenium.
• Mbelata Carbothermal: Gwakọta ihe ọkụkụ selenium na ntụ ntụ dị ọcha dị elu na okpomọkụ ruo 400-500 Celsius C n'okpuru oghere ma ọ bụ ikuku inert, na-ebute mmeghachi omume C + SeO₂ → Se + CO₂
• Mbelata sulfide: Gases dị ka H₂S nwere ike ibelata selenium oxides na obere okpomọkụ

II. Nhazi na nkwalite arụmọrụ nke Sistemụ Distillation Vacuum

1. Nhọrọ na nhazi nke Sistemụ Vacuum

Ebe ikuku dị elu dị oke mkpa maka ibelata ọdịnaya oxygen:

• Jiri mgbapụta mgbapụta + nchikota igwe eji arụ ọrụ, yana oghere kacha erute opekata mpe 10⁻ Pa
• Ekwesịrị ịkwado usoro ahụ na ọnyà oyi iji gbochie mgbasa nke vapo mmanụ azụ
• Njikọ niile kwesịrị iji akara ọla iji zere ịpụpụ gas site na akara rọba
• Sistemu kwesịrị ịfesa mmiri na-esi nri (200-250 Celsius C, awa 12-24).

2. Njikwa ziri ezi nke okpomọkụ distillation na nrụgide

Ngwakọta oke usoro kacha mma:

• Okpomọkụ distillation: A na-achịkwa n'ime oke nke 220-280C (n'okpuru ebe isi nke selenium nke 685°C)
• Nrụgide sistemu: Na-edobe n'etiti 1-10 Pa
• Ọnụ ọkụ ọkụ: 5-10 ° C / min iji zere ikpo ọkụ na-eme ihe ike na entrainment
• Okpomọkụ mpaghara condensation: A na-edobe ya na 50-80 Celsius iji hụ na condensation selenium zuru ezu.

3. Multi-Stage Distillation Technology

Distillation nke ọtụtụ ọkwa nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ belata ọdịnaya oxygen:

• Nkeji nke mbụ: Ntugharị siri ike iji wepụ ọtụtụ adịghị ọcha na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe
• Nkeji nke abụọ: njikwa okpomọkụ nke ọma iji nakọta akụkụ nke isi
• Nkeji nke atọ: Okpomọkụ dị ala, mgbasa ngwa ngwa iji nweta ngwaahịa dị oke ọcha
  Enwere ike iji okpomoku condensation dị iche iche n'etiti usoro maka nchikota akụkụ

III. Usoro inyeaka

1. Teknụzụ Nchekwa Gas Inert

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru oghere, ntinye kwesịrị ekwesị nke ikuku inert dị ọcha na-enyere aka belata ọdịnaya oxygen:

• Mgbe ịpụsịrị usoro ahụ, jupụta argon dị ọcha (ịdị ọcha ≥99.9995%) ruo 1000 Pa.
• Jiri nchebe gas na-agba ọsọ, na-ewebata obere argon (10-20 sccm) na-aga n'ihu.
• Wụnye ihe nchacha gas na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ntinye gas iji wepụ ikuku oxygen na mmiri fọdụrụnụ

2. Mgbakwunye Oxygen Scavengers

Ịgbakwunye ikuku oxygen kwesịrị ekwesị na akụrụngwa nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya oxygen nke ọma:

• Magnesium metal: Njikọ siri ike maka oxygen, na-akpụ MgO
• Aluminom ntụ ntụ: Nwere ike wepu oxygen na sọlfọ n'otu oge
• Ọla ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe: Dị ka Y, La, wdg, nwere mmetụta mwepụ oxygen dị mma
  Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikuku oxygen na-abụkarị 0.1-0.5 wt% nke akụrụngwa; oke oke nwere ike imetụta ịdị ọcha nke selenium

3. Teknụzụ nzacha a wụrụ awụ

Nzacha selenium gbazere tupu a na-atụgharị ya:

• Jiri ihe nzacha quartz ma ọ bụ seramiiki nwere nha nke 1-5 μm
• Na-achịkwa okpomọkụ nzacha na 220-250 ° C
• Nwere ike wepu ihe oxide siri ike
• Ekwesịrị ibu ụzọ kpochapụ ihe nzacha n'okpuru nnukwu oghere

IV. Mgbe ọgwụgwọ na nchekwa

1. Nchịkọta ngwaahịa na njikwa

• Ekwesịrị ịhazi onye na-anakọta condenser ka ọ bụrụ ihe eji ewepụ ya maka iweghachite ihe dị mfe na gburugburu enweghị ike.
• Ekwesịrị ịkwakọba ingots selenium anakọtara n'ime igbe aka argon
• Enwere ike ime etching elu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ akwa oxide nwere ike

2. Njikwa Ọnọdụ Nchekwa

• Ekwesịrị idowe ebe nchekwa ebe a kpọrọ nkụ (ebe igirigi ≤-60°C)
• Jiri nkwakọ ngwaahịa mkpuchi okpukpu abụọ juputara na gas inert dị ọcha dị elu
• Ọnọdụ nchekwa akwadoro n'okpuru 20°C
• Zere ikpughe ọkụ iji gbochie mmeghachi omume oxidation photocatalytic

V. Ogo njikwa na ule

1. Online nlekota oru Technology

• Wụnye ihe nyocha gas fọdụrụnụ (RGA) iji nyochaa akụkụ akụkụ ikuku oxygen ozugbo
• Jiri ihe mmetụta oxygen jikwaa ọdịnaya oxygen na gas nchebe
• Were infrared spectroscopy were chọpụta njirimara mmịnye kacha elu nke njikọ Se-O

2. Emechaala nyocha ngwaahịa

• Jiri usoro nnabata infrared gas fusion-inert gas iji chọpụta ọdịnaya oxygen
• Nke abụọ ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) iji nyochaa nkesa oxygen
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) iji chọpụta steeti kemịkalụ elu

Site na usoro zuru oke nke akọwara n'elu, enwere ike ịchịkwa ọdịnaya oxygen n'okpuru 1 ppm n'oge nhicha nhicha nke selenium, na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ngwa selenium dị ọcha. N'ime mmepụta n'ezie, usoro usoro kwesịrị ka eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma dabere na ọnọdụ akụrụngwa na ihe ngwaahịa chọrọ, na ekwesịrị ịmepụta usoro nchịkwa siri ike.