Usoro nke Cadmium na parameters

I. Ngwọta ihe eji eme ihe na nchacha nke mbụ

1. ;Nkwadebe nri Cadmium dị ọcha dị elu;

• ;Acid ịsacha‌: Na-emikpu cadmium ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na 5%-10% nitric acid solution na 40-60°C maka awa 1-2 iji wepụ oxides elu na adịghị ọcha ọla. Jiri mmiri deionized sachaa ruo mgbe pH na-anọpụ iche wee kpochaa.
• ;Hydrometallurgical Leaching‌: Na-emeso mkpofu cadmium nwere (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọla kọpa-cadmium slag) na sulfuric acid (15-20% itinye uche) na 80-90 Celsius maka awa 4-6, na-enweta ≥95% cadmium leaching arụmọrụ. Nzacha ma gbakwunye zinc ntụ ntụ (1.2-1.5 ugboro stoichiometric ratio) maka nchụpụ iji nweta ogbo cadmium‌

1. ;Na-agbaze na nkedo;

• Bunye sponge cadmium n'ime crucibles graphite dị ọcha, gbazee n'okpuru ikuku argon na 320-350ºC, wee wụsa n'ụdị graphite maka iji nwayọ nwayọ. Ụdị ingots nwere njupụta ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Nnụcha mpaghara

1. ;Akụrụngwa na Parameters;

• Jiri ọkụ na-agbaze mpaghara na-ese n'elu kwụ ọtọ nwere obosara mpaghara a wụrụ awụ nke 5-8 mm, ọsọ ọsọ nke 3-5 mm / h, yana ngafe nnụcha 8-12. Okpomọkụ gradient: 50-80C / cm; oghere ≤10⁻³ Pa‌
• ;Nkewa adịghị ọchaMpaghara ugboro ugboro na-agafe lead, zinc, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na ọdụ ingot. Wepu akụkụ ikpeazụ nke 15-20% adịghị ọcha, na-enweta ịdị ọcha etiti ≥99.999%

1. ;Njikwa igodo;

• Okpomọkụ mpaghara a wụrụ awụ: 400-450°C (obere ntakịrị karịa ebe mgbaze cadmium nke 321°C);
• Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị jụụ: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min iji belata ntụpọ lattice;
• Ọnụ ego nke argon: 10-15 L / min iji gbochie oxidation

III. Electrolytic Nnụcha

1. ;Electrolyte Formulation;

• Ngwakọta Electrolyte: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g / L) na sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), na 0.01-0.05 g / L gelatin agbakwunyere iji welie njupụta nkwụnye ego cathode‌

1. ;Usoro Usoro;

• Anode: efere cadmium crude; Cathode: efere Titanium;
• Njupụta dị ugbu a: 80-120 A/m²; Igwe ọkụ eletrik: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Electrolysis okpomọkụ: 30-40 ° C; Ogologo oge: 48-72 awa; Cathode dị ọcha ≥99.99%.

IV. Mgbasa Mbelata Vacuum

1. ;Mbelata okpomọkụ dị elu na nkewa;

• Tinye cadmium ingots n'ime ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (nrụgide ≤10⁻² Pa), webata hydrogen ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ebelata, na ikpo ọkụ ruo 800-1000 ° C iji belata cadmium oxides na cadmium gaseous. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ: 200-250 ° C; Ịdị ọcha ikpeazụ ≥99.9995%

1. ;Mwepụ Mwepụ adịghị ọcha;

• Ọkụ fọdụrụnụ, ọla kọpa, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ ọla ≤0.1 ppm;
• Ọdịnaya oxygen ≤5ppm‌

V. Czochralski Single Crystal Growth

1. ;Njikwa agbaze na Nkwadebe kristal mkpụrụ;

• Ibu ibu cadmium dị ọcha na-abanye n'ime crucibles quartz dị ọcha, gbazee n'okpuru argon na 340-360°C. Jiri <100>-gbakwasara otu-crystal cadmium mkpụrụ (dayameta 5-8 mm), tupu annealed na 800 Celsius C iji kpochapụ nrụgide dị n'ime.

1. ;kristal Pulling Parameters;

• Ọsọ ịdọrọ: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (mbụ ogbo), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (na-eto eto na-eto eto);
• Ntughari ntughari: 5-10 rpm (mgbanwe ntụgharị);
• Okpomọkụ gradient: 2-5°C/mm; Mgbanwe ihu igwe siri ike-mmiri mmiri ≤±0.5°C‌

1. ;Usoro nkwụsị mmejọ;

• ;Enyemaka Ubi Igwe Ọdụdọ‌: Tinye 0.2-0.5 T axial magnetik iji gbochie ọgba aghara gbazee ma belata nsị adịghị ọcha;
• ;Ịjụ oyi na-achịkwa‌: Ọnụego jụrụ oyi nke 10-20 Celsius C / h na-eto eto na-ebelata nrụrụ mgbakasị nke nrụgide okpomọkụ kpatara.

VI. Nhazi na njikwa ogo

1. ;Crystal Machining;

• ;Ịcha‌: Jiri nkwọ waya diamond na-agbaji n'ime 0.5-1.0 mm wafers na 20-30 m / s waya ọsọ;
• ;Nchacha‌: Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) na ngwakọta nitric acid-ethanol (1: 5 vol. ratio), na-enweta nhụsianya elu Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. ;Ụkpụrụ Ogo;

• ;Ịdị ọcha‌: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) kwadoro Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• ;Nguzogide‌: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (ịdị ọcha ≥99.9999%);
• ;Nhazi Crystallographic: Ngbanwe <0.5°; Njupụta nkwụsị ≤10³/cm²

VII. Ntuziaka kacha mma usoro

1. ;Mwepụ adịghị ọcha ezubere iche;

• Jiri resins mgbanwe ion maka mgbasa ozi nhọrọ nke Cu, Fe, wdg, jikọtara ya na nnụcha mpaghara dị iche iche iji nweta ịdị ọcha ọkwa 6N (99.9999%)‌

1. ;Nkwalite akpaaka;

• Algọridim AI na-emezigharị ọsọ ndọtị, gradients okpomọkụ, wdg, na-abawanye mkpụrụ site na 85% ruo 93%;
• Gbanwee nha nke nwere ike iru inch 36, na-enye nri nri otu batch nke 2800 n'arọ, na-ebelata ike ike ruo 80 kWh / kg.

1. ;Ịdịgide na mgbake akụrụngwa;

• Weghachite ihe mkpofu acid site na mgbanwe ion (mgbake Cd ≥99.5%);
• Jiri carbon adsorption na-arụ ọrụ na-agwọ ikuku na-ekpochapụ + alkaline scrubing (Cd vapor mgbake ≥98%)‌

Nchịkọta

Usoro uto na ịdị ọcha nke cadmium kristal na-ejikọta hydrometallurgy, nnụcha anụ ahụ dị elu, yana teknụzụ uto kristal ziri ezi. Site na leaching acid, nnụcha mpaghara, electrolysis, vacuum distillation, na uto Czochralski - jikọtara ya na automation na omume enyi na enyi - ọ na-enyere aka mmepụta nke 6N-grade ultra-high-purity cadmium single crystals. Ndị a na-egbo mkpa maka ihe nchọpụta nuklia, ihe fotovoltaic, na ngwaọrụ semiconductor dị elu. Ọganihu ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-elekwasị anya na uto kristal buru ibu, nkewa adịghị ọcha ezubere iche, na mmepụta carbon dị ala.