7N Tellurium Crystal Uto na Ịdị ọcha

7N Tellurium Crystal Uto na Ịdị ọcha

I. Ọgwụgwọ Tupu na Mwepụ nke Ihe Ndị A Na-anaghị Arụpụta Ihe

1. ;Nhọrọ na Ịkụcha Ihe Ndị E Ji Akụ Eme;

• ;Ihe achọrọ maka ihe‌: Jiri tellurium ore ma ọ bụ anode slime (ọdịnaya Te ≥5%), ọkacha mma jiri copper slime anode slime (nwere Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) mee ihe dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ.
• ;Usoro Ọgwụgwọ Tupu:
• Ngwepịa dị nkọ ruo nha ihe ruru ≤5mm, wee jiri igwe egwe bọọlụ ruo ≤200 mesh;
• Nkewa magnetik (ike ndọta ≥0.8T) iji wepụ Fe, Ni, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma na magnetik;
• Ntụpọ mmiri oyi (pH = 8-9, ndị na-anakọta xanthate) iji kewaa SiO₂, CuO, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma nke na-abụghị magnetik.
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Zere itinye mmiri n'ime mmiri tupu a gwọọ ya (ọ dị mkpa ka a kpọọ ya nkụ tupu a kpọọ ya ọkụ); chịkwaa iru mmiri gburugburu ebe obibi ≤30%.

1. ;Ịchacha na Ịcha Oxidation na Pyrometallurgical;

• ;Usoro Usoro:
• Okpomọkụ ịsacha oxidation: 350–600°C (njikwa nhazi: obere okpomọkụ maka iwepụ sulfur, okpomọkụ dị elu maka oxidation);
• Oge esi nri: awa 6–8, yana ọsọ mmiri O₂ nke 5–10 L/min;
• Ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro: Asịd sulfuric a gbakọtara agwakọta (98% H₂SO₄), oke oke Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• ;Mmeghachi Omume Kemịkalụ:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2​+2H2SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌:  Jiri okpomọkụ ≤600°C iji gbochie mgbanwe TeO₂ (ebe esi mmiri 387°C); jiri ihe nhicha NaOH gwọọ gas ikuku.

II. Ịmepụta Elektrọniki na Mwepụ Vacuum

1. ;Elektrorefining;

• ;Sistemụ Elektrolitị:
• Ihe mejupụtara elektrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), ihe mgbakwunye (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Njikwa okpomọkụ: 30–40°C, ọnụego mgbasa ozi bụ 1.5–2 m³/h.
• ;Usoro Usoro:
• Njupụta dị ugbu a: 100–150 A/m², voltaji sel 0.2–0.4V;
• Oghere elektrọd: 80–120mm, ọkpụrụkpụ nke katod deposition 2–3mm/awa 8;
• Ọrụ iwepụ ihe na-adịghị ọcha: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Na-enyocha electrolyte mgbe niile (izi ezi ≤1μm); na-eme ka elu anode dị ọcha site na iji igwe iji gbochie passivation.

1. ;Mwepụ ihe mkpofu;

• ;Usoro Usoro:
• Ọkwa ikuku: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, okpomọkụ nke ikuku dị n'ime ya bụ 600–650°C;
• Okpomọkụ mpaghara Condenser: 200–250°C, arụmọrụ condensation nke uzuoku ≥95%;
• Oge mmịpụta: awa 8–12, ikike otu otu ≤50kg.
• ;Nkesa adịghị ọcha‌: Ihe ruru unyi na-esi obere (Se, S) na-agbakọta n'ihu condenser; ihe ruru unyi na-esi nnukwu (Pb, Ag) na-anọgide na ihe fọdụrụ.
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Sistemụ vacuum tupu mgbapụta ruo ≤5×10⁻³Pa tupu a kpoo ya ọkụ iji gbochie oxidation.

III. Uto kristal (Ntuziaka kristal)

1. ;Nhazi Ngwaọrụ;

• ;Ụdị Ọkụ Crystal Growth‌: TDR-70A/B (ikike 30kg) ma ọ bụ TRDL-800 (ikike 60kg);
• Ihe a na-eji akpọchi: Graphite dị ọcha nke ukwuu (ọkwa ntụ ≤5ppm), nha Φ300×400mm;
• Usoro ikpo ọkụ: Igwe ọkụ na-eguzogide graphite, okpomọkụ kachasị elu bụ 1200°C.

1. ;Usoro Usoro;

• ;Njikwa Agbaze:
• Okpomọkụ ịgbaze: 500–520°C, omimi ọdọ mmiri gbazere 80–120mm;
• Gas nchekwa: Ar (ịdị ọcha ≥99.999%), ọnụego mmiri 10–15 L/min.
• ;Usoro Nhazi Crystallization:
• Oke ndọda: 1–3mm/h, ọsọ ntụgharị kristal 8–12rpm;
• Ngbanwe okpomọkụ: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm;
• Usoro oyi: Ntọala ọla kọpa nke e ji mmiri mee ka ọ dị jụụ (okpomọkụ mmiri 20–25°C), oyi ikuku n'elu.

1. ;Njikwa adịghị ọcha;

• ;Mmetụta nkewa‌: Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dịka Fe, Ni (ihe na-eme ka ihe dị iche na nkewa <0.1) na-agbakọta na ókèala ọka;
• ;Ịgbagharị Okpokoro‌: okirikiri 3–5, ihe ruru unyi ikpeazụ ≤0.1ppm.

1. ;Mkpachapụ anya:

• Jiri efere graphite kpuchie elu gbazee iji gbochie mgbanwe Te (ọnụego mfu ≤0.5%);
• Jiri igwe nlele laser nyochaa dayameta kristal n'oge a (nzi ezi ± 0.1mm);
• Zere mgbanwe okpomọkụ >±2°C iji gbochie mmụba nke njupụta nke ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala (ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ ≤10³/cm²).

IV. Nnyocha Ogo na Usoro Isi

V. Usoro Nchekwa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi

1. ;Ọgwụgwọ Gas Ikuku:

• Ikuku ọkụ: Jiri ihe nhicha NaOH (pH≥10) wepụ SO₂ na SeO₂ n'ime ahụ;
• Ikuku ikuku na-eme ka ikuku ghara ịdị ọcha: Gbakọta ma weghachite uzuoku ahụ; gas ndị fọdụrụ a na-amịkọrọ site na carbon a na-arụ ọrụ.

1. ;Imegharị ihe n'ụdị Slag:

• Anode slime (nwere Ag, Au): Gbakee site na hydrometallurgy (usoro H₂SO₄-HCl);
• Ihe fọdụrụ n'ime electrolysis (nwere Pb, Cu): Laghachi na sistemụ ịgbaze ọla kọpa.

1. ;Usoro Nchekwa:

• Ndị ọrụ ga-eyi ihe mkpuchi gas (uterọn ahụ na-egbu egbu); na-eme ka ikuku ikuku ghara ịdị mma (ọnụego mgbanwe ikuku ≥10 okirikiri kwa awa).

Ntuziaka Nhazi Usoro

1. ;Mgbanwe Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa‌: Gbanwee okpomọkụ a na-esi n'ọkụ na oke acid dabere na isi iyi anode slime (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbaze ọla kọpa na lead);
2. ;Ndakọrịta ọnụego Crystal Pulling‌: Gbanwee ọsọ ndọta dịka convection gbazee si dị (nọmba Reynolds Re≥2000) iji gbochie supercooling iwu;
3. ;Arụmọrụ Ike‌: Jiri ikpo ọkụ mpaghara okpomọkụ abụọ (mpaghara isi 500°C, mpaghara dị n'okpuru 400°C) iji belata oriri ike iguzogide graphite site na 30%.